What does observational learning refer to?

Observational learning refers to the process of learning by watching and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. It emphasizes the role of social context in the learning process, where individuals acquire new information and skills by observing the actions of peers, role models, or authority figures rather than through direct experience or instruction. This process is a key concept in social learning theory, particularly associated with Albert Bandura's research, which demonstrated that individuals can learn new behaviors without direct experience, simply by watching how others behave and the consequences of those behaviors.

In contrast, other options focus on different learning paradigms. Learning through direct instruction emphasizes teacher-led teaching without incorporation of observational strategies. A method that involves practicing tasks repeatedly centers on experiential learning, where individuals learn through practice rather than observation. Solitary study and reflection prioritize independent intellectual engagement over social learning influences. Therefore, the understanding of observational learning is vital as it highlights the importance of social interactions in the learning experience.