Which of the following can teachers not be dismissed or penalized for?

Engaging in activities unrelated to teaching effectiveness is a valid reason for not being subject to dismissal or penalties. Teachers are generally protected when they participate in personal or professional endeavors that do not directly impact their teaching capabilities or classroom responsibilities. This means they can pursue hobbies, personal interests, or other professional opportunities without fear of repercussion, as long as those activities do not interfere with their primary role as educators or violate contract terms.

The other options suggest scenarios in which teachers could face consequences for cited actions. Failing to meet administrative expectations typically ties directly to their professional duties and could warrant disciplinary action. Taking personal matters into account in their teaching, while relevant to a holistic approach to education, may raise concerns if it crosses boundaries that affect professionalism or objectivity. Beliefs that differ from the school's ideology could also be problematic, especially in environments that endorse a particular curriculum or teaching philosophy, leading to potential conflicts with administration. Therefore, the protection for teachers lies predominantly in their personal activities, as long as these do not impede their effectiveness or responsibilities as educators.